Species:

Bonnemaisonia hamiferaHariot

Krokbærar, Raudlo (Trailliella-stadiet) in Norwegian Nynorsk
Krokbærer, Rødlo (Trailliella-stadiet) in Norwegian Bokmål

Classification

The species Bonnemaisonia hamifera belongs to:

Photos

Photos of Bonnemaisonia hamifera (9):

  • Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
  • Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
  • Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
  • Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
  • Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
  • Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
  • Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
  • Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
  • Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera

1 of 9: Hook branches of gametophyte

Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
Small branch showing branching pattern and characteristic hook branches of the gametophyte Photo: © Kjersti SjøtunTerms of use

2 of 9: Habit of gametophyte

Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
Photo: © Kjersti SjøtunTerms of use

Note: The species is introduced to Europe from Japan, and was first recorded in Norway in 1902. The diploid tetrasporophytic phase is now very common in Norway along the whole coast, but the haploid gametophytic phase is very rare, since tetraspores only develop under short-day conditions when temperature is 13-19 oC. The gametophytic thallus is up to 20 cm, branched, and some branches are modified to characteristic hooks.

3 of 9: Branching pattern of sporophyte

Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
Uniseriate structure and irregular branching Photo: © Kjersti SjøtunTerms of use

4 of 9: Male gametophyte bearing spermatangial clusters in June

Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
Photo: © Vivian HusaTerms of use

Note: Spermatangia are formed in elongate, clavate clusters of 1-5 mm length, replacing the shorter lateral branch of a pair.

5 of 9: Female gametophyte developing cystocarps

Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
Photo: © Vivian HusaTerms of use

6 of 9: Spermatangial cluster

Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
Photo: © Vivian HusaTerms of use

7 of 9: Cystocarp

Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
Photo: © Vivian HusaTerms of use

8 of 9: Gland cells of sporophyte

Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
Characteristic gland cells are seen in the junction between cells Photo: © Kjersti SjøtunTerms of use

9 of 9: Habit of sporophyte

Photo of Bonnemaisonia hamifera
Sporophytes growing epiphytically on Cladophora rupestris Photo: © Kjersti SjøtunTerms of use

Note: The sporophytic phase is very common in Norway. The densely branched thalli are up to 5 cm, and the axes are uniseriate and irregularly branched. It has characteristic small gland cells in the junction between cells.

Closest relatives

Other species in the same genus (Bonnemaisonia):