- Acropetal branching
-
Branches successively older (and longer) from top to lower part
- Adaxial
-
Placed on the up-side of branch, towards the main axis
- Adventitious branching
-
Branching occurring in an irregular manner, in addition to regular branching pattern
- Alternate branching
-
Branching in a regular manner, in such a way that branching is to the same side of the axis every second time
- Apical
-
Most distant part
- Assimilation hairs/filaments
-
Short cell rows with pigmented cells, covering the surface of some brown algae
- Biseriate
-
Two parallel cell rows
- Caecostomata
-
Small cavity under the surface, characteristic for a group of Fucus
- Calcified
-
Cells with calcified cell wall (calcite), giving a hard, opaque structure
- Central cell
-
Axial cell row in some groups
- Chloroplast
-
Cell organell containing the pigments (act. referring to green plastids)
- Cortex
-
Cells covering axes, can be small and round or elongated cells
- Cystocarp
-
Round or urn shaped female reproductive structure in some red algae
- Dichotomously branched
-
Y branched (see illustration)
- Dioecious
-
Male and female gametes produced in separate individuals
- Distromatic
-
Two cell layers
- Dorsiventrally flattened
-
Flattened and with two distinct surfaces
- Epiphyte
-
Grows on other algae
- Feather branching
-
Branching is regular in a consistent way, side branches forming an
“edge” like the one of a feather
- Gamete
-
Sexual reproduction cell
- Gland cells
-
Small cells without pigment
- Hapteron
-
Root-like holdfast of seaweeds
- Hermaphroditic
-
With male and female gametes in the same receptacle
- Intercalary
-
Between cells, not in the apical part
- Lamina
-
Blade-formed part of algae, normally referring to brown or red algae
- Main axis
-
The longest or longer axis or axes of a branched thallus, and normally carrying side branches
- Medulla
-
Inner core of cells
- Mid-rib
-
A conspicious thickened part of thallus which can be followed along the thallus, placed in the middle part
- Monostromatic
-
One cell layer
- Nerve
-
Polystromatic thickening of blade
- Node
-
Joint in a segmented axis (e.g. cortex band in Ceramium)
- Opposite branching
-
Side branches are set two and two together, one one each side on an axis
- Orders of branches
-
The way side branches are organized. 1rst order side branches are attached to the main axis, 2nd order side branches are attached to the 1rst order branches etc
- Papilla
-
Nipple-like structure
- Paraphyse
-
Small cell rows (or cell) protruding from surface, often associated with fertile structures in brown algae
- Parenchyma
-
Solid tissue, where each cell do not follow a fixed division pattern but can in principle divide in 2 or 3 planes
- Parietal
-
Located at the wall
- Periaxial cells
-
Cells formed in a circle around the central (axial) cell
- Plastid
-
Chloroplast
- Plurilocular sporangium
-
Specialized branch or cell, divided in many rooms (loci), which each contain one spore
- Pluriseriate
-
A cross section of thallus show more than one cell
- Polystromatic
-
Several cell layers
- Proliferation
-
Adventitious branching or outgrowths of new thallus part from an old one
- Propagule
-
Vegetative reproduction unit, in Sphacelariales a specialized short
branch ending in two to four “horns” (short branches) set perpendicular
from the top of the branch
- Pseudodichotomous
-
branches overtaking the growing top so that branching
appears to be more or less dichotomous
- Pseudoparenchyma
-
Often (not always) loosely connected tissue, consisting of cell
rows where cell can only divide in one plane
- Pyrenoid
-
Round structure associated to chloroplast
- Receptacele
-
Specialized part of thallus which produces gamets in some brown
seaweeds (Fucales)
- Rhizoid
-
Branch-like with little pigments and clearly different from
the other branches, can attach thallus to the substratum
- Segment
-
Thallus axes divided in conspicious sections consisting of one or several cells of equal height (in Sphacelariales some of these can divide within the section). The sections can be covered with cortex cells
- Siphonous
-
Thallus lacks cell walls or has only some cell walls, thallus is composed of one or more large cells with many nuclei
- Sorus (sori)
-
Aggregation of some type of reproduction structure
- Stipe
-
Stalk-formed part of red or brown algae
- Stipitate
-
With stipe
- Stolon
-
Shoot growing sideways and attaching, and forming an upright thallus
- Tendrils
-
Branches gradually becoming slender and curled
- Thallus
-
The “body” of a multicellular alga or fungus (equals “plant” in embryophyta)
- Unilateral
-
On one side only
- Unilocular sporangium
-
Specialized branch or cell, with one room (loci), which
contains many spores (asexual reproduction cells)
- Uniseriate
-
Thallus composed of a cell row (may be branched or unbranched)
- Veine
-
Cells forming a line pattern in the surface of the blade
- Whorl branches
-
Several branches attached at the same, or so about the same, level of an axis, forming a circle around the axis
- Zoidangia
-
Specialized cells or structures producing flagellated reproductive cells
